বৃহস্পতিবার, ২২ নভেম্বর, ২০১২

Engineered bacteria can make the ultimate sacrifice

Wednesday, November 21, 2012

Scientists have engineered bacteria that are capable of sacrificing themselves for the good of the bacterial population. These altruistically inclined bacteria, which are described online in the journal Molecular Systems Biology, can be used to demonstrate the conditions where programmed cell death becomes a distinct advantage for the survival of the bacterial population.

"We have used a synthetic biology approach to explicitly measure and test the adaptive advantage of programmed bacterial cell death in Escherichia coli," said Lingchong You, senior author of the study and an associate professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, and the Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy. "The system is tunable which means that the extent of altruistic death in the bacterial population can be increased. We are therefore able to control the extent of programmed cell death as well as test the benefits of altruistic death under different conditions." The lead author of the study is Yu Tanouchi, a graduate student in the Department of Biomedical Engineering. Anand Pai and Nicolas Buchler also contributed to the work.

Scientists have known for some time that programmed cell death can be linked to the response of bacteria to stressful conditions, for example starvation of amino acids or the presence of competitor molecules. However, it is not clear why cells should choose to die under such conditions since it gives them no immediate advantages. Some researchers have suggested that programmed cell death allows cells to provide benefits to their survivors but until now it has been difficult to test this directly in experiments.

The researchers used synthetic biology procedures to engineer Escherichia coli in such a way that the bacterial cells are capable of suicidal behavior and promoting the good of the bacterial population. To do so they introduced a gene circuit, which consists of two modules, into the bacteria. If the "suicide module" is active it leads to the rupture and death of some bacterial cells when they are challenged with the antibiotic 6-aminopenicillanic acid. If the "public good" module is expressed, a modified form of the enzyme beta-lactamase is produced, which protects surviving cells from rupture or lysis by breaking down the antibiotic. This protection only occurs when the enzyme is released from inside the bacterial cells that make the ultimate sacrifice and die after rupture.

"Our results clearly demonstrate that it is possible to have conditions where the death of some bacteria confers an advantage for the overall population of bacteria," remarked You. "The optimal death rate for the bacterial population emerges after sufficient time has passed and is clearly visible in our system."

The scientists were also able to provide a possible explanation for the "Eagle effect", an unexpected phenomenon where bacteria appear to grow better when treated with higher antibiotic concentrations. "Overall our results fill in a conceptual gap in understanding the evolutionary dynamics of programmed bacterial death during stress and have implications for designing intervention strategies for effective treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics," concluded You.

###

European Molecular Biology Organization: http://www.embo.org

Thanks to European Molecular Biology Organization for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/125400/Engineered_bacteria_can_make_the_ultimate_sacrifice_

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সোমবার, ১৯ নভেম্বর, ২০১২

Union J's Jaymi Hensley, 'I'm Gay'

Union J's Jaymi Hensley, 'I'm Gay'

X-Factor's Union J member Jaymi Hensley, 22, revealed that Louis Walsh encouraged him to come out. Jaymi told The Sun: 'I spoke to Louis about this and he said, ?put it this way, both of my big boybands had a gay member in them.? So he said it fits the formula quite well! Every boyband has got to have a gay one! And Louis just said ?do it?.' I?m gay and I?ve never been happier!'

His bandmates, Josh Cuthbert, George Shelley and Jamie 'JJ' Hamblett, have known since Union J were formed for this year?s X Factor and are fully behind his decision: 'They have always supported me with doing this. I didn?t want to do it in five years? time when I have made money and had a career. I don?t think anyone should have to hide who they are.

I?d love my career to take off to the heights of One Direction. But not enough people in the music industry are open about their sexuality.' He lives in Luton with his mum, Jackie, and has been in a relationship with his boyfriend, 21, for three years. He declined to name his boyfriend, who is a hairdresser, but revealed the pair plan to marry and have kids.

'I came on to the show not wanting to be judged for my personal life. But people have caught wind of it and I just wanted to set the record straight. It is not a big thing for me, I came out when I was 14 to my family and friends and never had one piece of negativity. It is a brave move. There could be negative people, but they are just sad and stuck 20 years ago.'

?I hope the reaction will hopefully be, ?OK, we kind of knew, but well done on coming out?. I don?t want people to think I have hidden this to gain votes because I am so proud of who I am. I hope people respect me for being honest.'

Jaymi is not the only openly gay singer on this year?s show, joining Rylan Clark, Lucy Spraggan and Jade Ellis. But he was inspired to make his revelation after a young fan got in touch and he hopes it will help other young people struggling with their sexuality.

He says: 'I got a tweet from a boy who must have been 13 or 14 asking if the rumours that I was gay were true. He said he really wished I could be out because he didn?t have anyone to look up to and was finding it really hard to fit in and tell his parents. I was that kid at 14 and really wish I had someone to say it was OK to be pictured on the red carpet with a guy and be gay in a boyband.

The X Factor is such a great show to show that, you?ve got such a great range of characters, especially Rylan who is so open. It was like if he can do it, why can?t I? But I?m not going to suddenly come out and do a flamboyant performance, that?s Rylan?s bag.'

Being thrust into the spotlight on The X Factor did cause Jaymi to have an awkward conversation with his boyfriend after Union J hit the town and were pictured with lots of girls. Jaymi explains: 'I got papped with six girls from Take Me Out. I woke up to my boyfriend ringing me saying, ?I?m not being funny but what did you do in the club last night??'

Jaymi has also struck up a friendship with Rylan?s pal, Sun columnist, Katie Price. 'I texted Katie to say I was going to come out and she said, ?don?t you get a pink car like me!? I was like, ?of course I want a pink car!? She?s become a very good friend of mine through Rylan. I want to be able to go to gay clubs and be pictured with her and her gay friends. I want to have fun with my life.'

He was also inspired by other talent show stars such as Will Young and Joe McElderry who previously came out. He said: 'They?ve been an inspiration and hopefully I can be one too. If I can help just one kid out there, that is enough for me.'

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Source: http://oceanup.com/2012/november/18/union-js-jaymi-hensley-im-gay

blazing saddles

iPad shipments jump in China after trademark settlement

News

Apple?s iPad shipments for China nearly doubled in the third quarter, after?Apple settled in July?a lengthy dispute over the iPad trademark name that once threatened to ban the device from store shelves in the country.

Shipments of the tablet in the third quarter reached 2.07 million units, up from 1.15 million in the previous quarter, according to Dickie Chang, an analyst with research firm IDC. He attributed the shipment growth to Apple finally gaining ownership of the iPad trademark in China, which cleared the way for sales of the new product.

Apple?s third generation iPad went on sale in China on July 20, four months after it was made available in the U.S. The launch was?delayed?as Apple got embroiled in a legal battle with Chinese firm Proview, which had registered for the ?IPAD? trademark in China years before.

Proview had wanted Apple to pay as much as US$400 million for the trademark, and had called on authorities to ban iPad sales in the country. Finally, in early July, the two companies settled the dispute, with Apple?paying US$60 million?to obtain the trademark from Proview.

The growth in iPad shipments further cements Apple?s dominance of China?s tablet market. After Apple, the next largest vendor is Lenovo, which shipped only 278,000 tablets in the third quarter. Samsung, the country?s third top tablet vendor, moved 143,000 units.

Globally, Apple said iPad sales reached 14 million in the third quarter, a year-over-year increase of 26 percent. But in terms of worldwide market share, Apple?s iPad?fell to 50.4 percent, as shipments for Android tablets from Samsung and Amazon grew, according to research firm IDC.

Apple, however, will likely see better tablet sales in the fourth quarter, with the launching of its iPad mini and fourth generation iPad, said IDC.

Source: http://www.macworld.com.au/news/ipad-shipments-jump-in-china-after-trademark-settlement-79904/

chris harrison

The Web Can Be A Scary Location, With Unscrupulous People And ...

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Home / Offiline Marketing Tips / The Web Can Be A Scary Location, With Unscrupulous People And Companies Attempting To Get Your Individual Info By Any Indicates Feasible.

The web can be a scary location, with unscrupulous people and companies attempting to get your individual info by any indicates feasible. These individuals use spyware in an try to invade your personal computer, and ultimately collect your personal info. Even though spyware is a fact of lifestyle on the web, as long as you consider easy preemptive actions, your internet encounter should be a nice and safe 1. Important resources to assist you win the fight in spyware avoidance consist of antivirus software, an up-to-date working method, a firewall, and last but not least, up to date antispyware software program. This article will briefly clarify to you the importance of every of these resources to help you stay away from spyware on a day-to-day basis.

Another important piece of software program to assist you win the spyware battle is anti-virus technology. Antivirus software program will identify, stop, and take motion to eliminate destructive software program programs such as viruses and worms. Along with spyware, pc viruses are malicious software program that your computer needs safety from. There are alot of options when it comes to anti-virus software, some of them are even free. AVG Anti virus is totally free antivirus software that I personally use and suggest. Antivirus software program, mixed with a an up-to-date working system is a pretty solid treatment towards spyware infestation.

In order for your operating method to have the latest in safety functions, it is essential that you maintain it up-to-date. High-priority updates are crucial to the security and reliability of your computer. They provide the latest protection towards destructive online activities. If you?re utilizing a Microsoft Windows based device (Windows XP, etc.), you can established up your computer to obtain, obtain, and even install the latest upgrades for you! So, sure, you really have no excuse to NOT have the newest upgrades for your Windows based machine.

Merely place, if you?re surfing the internet without a firewall, you?re asking for difficulty (you might as nicely leave the doorways unlocked on your home as well). What is a firewall? In a nutshell, a firewall is a piece of software or hardware that safeguards your pc from viruses, or hackers who might try to delete info, make your computer crash, or even steal personal info this kind of as passwords or credit score card numbers. You ought to make sure your firewall is always turned on when you are on the web. The best thing is, if you?re utilizing Windows XP, the firewall is built correct in! All you have to do is flip it on! The firewall will then function in conjunction with your antispyware software to offer the best protection possible.

Dreaded spyware can cause pop-ups, sluggish performance, and of course, security threats. Many types of spyware are designed to be challenging to remove (go figure). Some of these pesky spyware even reappear as soon as you restart you machine! To stay away from this scenario, it is essential that you set up the newest in antispyware technologies. As with anti-virus software, you must make sure to maintain it up to date at all occasions, to experience the complete benefits of protection.

All in all, staying away from spyware is truly not that difficult. As lengthy as your browsing consists of the use of antivirus software program, an up-to-day operating system, a firewall, and final but not minimum, updated antispyware software, you have a strong foundation for having a clean, fantastic performing, and secure system.

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Source: http://www.marketingmii.com/offiline-marketing-tips/the-web-can-be-a-scary-location-with-unscrupulous-people-and-companies-attempting-to-get-your-individual-info-by-any-indicates-feasible/

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রবিবার, ১৮ নভেম্বর, ২০১২

Baseball standout's promising career derailed by injury and drugs

BEAUFORT - The house that Brien Taylor built is falling apart.

A blue tarp that once covered part of the roof has long since blown away. Weeds sprout from shingles. Five broken-down lawn tractors litter the yard, along with an assortment of abandoned cars and trucks. Vines are starting to swallow the two boats at the rear of the property.

Taylor provided the money to help his parents build this house, on the dirt street named in his honor, back when Taylor was the pride of East Carteret High School and the New York Yankees.

Taylor had a gift - a 99-mph fastball - that made him the Yankees' No. 1 pick in the 1991 amateur draft. That translated into a record-setting signing bonus of $1.55 million.

Super agent Scott Boras, who advised Taylor at the time, described the left-hander as the "best high school pitcher I've ever seen in my life."

Taylor signed his contract the same year as Yankee pitching great Andy Pettitte and a year after 12-time Yankee all-star Mariano Rivera. Taylor might have been right there with them, winning five World Series rings.

But a barroom brawl led to a cruel twist of fate.

By 2000, after drifting around in the low minor leagues, Taylor was out of baseball, becoming only the second top draft pick to never make it to the majors.

Life continued downhill from there. Taylor was charged with misdemeanor child abuse in 2005 after leaving four of his children alone for more than eight hours.

And last week, the boy with the golden arm was sentenced to 38 months in federal prison - a 40-year-old addict caught selling crack cocaine to undercover cops.

There isn't much to Brien Taylor Lane, just a little dirt track that dead-ends into the woods about eight miles north of downtown Beaufort.

Locals refer to the area as North River, a community of fishermen and laborers far removed from the million-dollar yachts that dot Beaufort's waterfront.

Taylor's home lies at the end of his road, on the left next to a roofless cinder-block house with piles of junk parked out front.

A mobile home lies in a ditch across the road, as if a tornado picked it up and tossed it there.

Taylor had lived in the trailer with his mother, Bettie, who worked for a seafood house at the time, and his father, Willie Ray, a bricklayer, until Brien got that big signing bonus and spent part of it to help pay for the new house.

Bettie Taylor still lives there, along with her son's children.

She responds to a knock on the front door wearing a light-blue cap and a frown. Her son was sentenced the day before. She says she doesn't want to relive his past.

"It's over. It's been over 20 years. The glory days are gone," she says, keeping one foot inside her home and continually saying she's through talking.

She offers a few glimpses of her son's past, just the same.

Brien's uncle first noticed his athleticism at the age of 2, she says, when Brien hurtled his milk bottle across the room.

" 'Whatever you do, you let that child play sports,' " Bettie Taylor says, quoting the uncle.

By age 5, she says, her son stood out in the T-ball league. By age 12, he was turning heads.

Richard Bailey said he used to catch for Taylor during breaks in action in the Babe Ruth League.

Taylor was in the eighth grade then, Bailey four years his senior.

Bailey - who coached Jack Britt High School to football prominence before moving to Scotland High School this year - said Taylor had a long, looping delivery that caused the ball to explode when it left his hand.

"He just made throwing it that hard look that easy," Bailey said. "He is the best I have ever seen, and I have seen a lot."

By ninth grade, Bailey said, Taylor was throwing 93 mph and had an equally impressive curve ball.

By 10th grade, he had caught the eye of major league scouts, including Don Koonce of Fayetteville.

Koonce said he first saw Taylor pitch in a tournament called the Wilmington Seashore Classic. Taylor was a sophomore then, Koonce recalled, a tall, skinny kid who kept his team in the game against a much tougher foe with a fastball clocked in the upper 80s to low 90s.

Koonce said he wrote down Taylor's name, noted the year he would graduate and told his high school coach that he looked forward to seeing the boy down the road.

That coach, Gary Chadwick, described Taylor as a quiet, unassuming boy - "just an outstanding kid on a team filled with good kids."

Chadwick, now a teacher at Beaufort Middle School, declined to say more because at least one of Taylor's children attends his school. But like Boras and Bailey, he said Taylor was the best pitcher he has ever seen.

By Taylor's senior year, Koonce and other scouts were lining up behind the fence at East Carteret High School to watch him pitch.

"The only athlete I ever saw who could throw over 90 mph and run to first base in under four seconds," said Koonce, who was scouting Taylor for the Yankees. "He was just one of those special athletes."

Koonce believes the events that transpired after Taylor graduated from high school in 1991 contributed to his unraveling.

That summer, Taylor was projected as the top major league prospect, and the Yankees held the first pick in the draft.

Koonce said the Yankees were trying to sign Taylor for what was customary at the time, somewhere in the $400,000 range.

Bettie Taylor would have none of that. The year before, she had learned, top prospect Todd Van Poppel had signed a record $1.2 million contract with the Oakland Athletics, despite being drafted 14th overall.

She wanted at least the same amount for her son. So did Boras, the agent to the stars who became the family's adviser.

Before the summer was over, Morley Safer of "60 Minutes" fame and a writer for Sports Illustrated would knock on the Taylors' door. Bettie Taylor, whose toughness was established in the 1960s when she helped integrate Carteret County schools, became as much a part of the story as her talented son.

When the stalemate over signing dragged on, Koonce became a part of the story, as well.

In August 1991, The New York Times wrote that Bettie Taylor accused Koonce of showing up at her house and misrepresenting himself as an agent for the commissioner of baseball in an attempt to get her son to sign.

Koonce denies her account, saying he went to the house as a Yankees scout in an effort to move negotiations along. He said he did nothing improper, and he was never punished.

Koonce said Van Poppel got such a huge signing contract because he had the leverage of being a smart kid with a scholarship offer to attend the University of Texas. The Athletics, he said, were forced to offer Van Poppel a lucrative contract to keep him from going to college.

Taylor, Koonce believed, did not have the same leverage because his grades weren't good enough to land a scholarship with a major university.

But Taylor would prove smart enough. He enrolled in little Louisburg College near Raleigh and was scheduled to start classes. That's when the Yankees signed him with the $1.55 million bonus. If Taylor had gone on to Louisburg, he would not have been eligible to sign a pro contract until the next year.

Koonce says the fight over money hurt Taylor's progression to the major leagues. In the time it took, he said, Taylor lost a full season of baseball.

"He wasn't in a baseball environment," Koonce said. "He was out of shape, not pitching, not supervised.

"He wasn't under (Yankees) control, and a lot of good things don't happen to kids when they are on their own like that."

Still, it's hard to imagine Brien Taylor having a much better season than the one he turned in a year after signing his contract. Pitching for Fort Lauderdale in the Florida State League, the 19-year-old struck out 187 batters in 161 innings - an average of more than one per inning. Although he compiled only six wins against eight losses, he managed an impressive 2.57 earned run average.

In 1993, Taylor moved up to Double A, where his pitching for the Albany-Colonie Yankees slipped some - his ERA increased to 3.48 - but he won 13 games and lost only seven.

His performance was good enough that Baseball America rated him the second best prospect in 1993, behind only future hall-of-famer Chipper Jones.

"He was probably, literally, a year away from being on a major league roster,'' Bailey said.

And then things went south.

According to published reports at the time, Taylor skipped the Yankees' fall instructional league, choosing instead to return to Beaufort to spend time with his family.

On the night of Dec. 18, 1993, Taylor's older brother, Brenden, got into a bar fight in the nearby township of Harlowe and suffered a cut on his head.

Bettie Taylor said Brien received a telephone call shortly afterward and rushed out of the house, intent on avenging his brother.

He drove to a trailer park where the man who had hurt his brother lived and confronted the man's friend. Brien Taylor threw a punch so hard that he missed and fell, dislocating his shoulder and tearing the labrum tissue in his throwing arm.

Bettie Taylor said she and her husband were out of town at the time.

"If we had been there, none of this would have happened," she said. "He would never have gone if we were there."

Dr. Frank Jobe, who helped pioneer Tommy John surgery, reportedly called Taylor's injury among the worst he'd ever seen. Jobe operated on Taylor and seemed optimistic afterward, but Taylor's arm was never the same.

Taylor tried to make a comeback in 1995 with the Yankees' Gulf Coast League affiliate. He had lost 8 mph off his fastball and could not locate his breaking ball. He pitched only 40 innings that year, compiling a 2-5 record and a 6.08 ERA.

Taylor's pitching went from bad to worse. He spent three more losing seasons, with Greensboro in the South Atlantic League, before the Yankees released him. He tried another comeback in 2000 with a Cleveland Indians affiliate, pitching just 2.2 innings.

The best pitcher Don Koonce had ever scouted was out of baseball for good.

"You don't ever know how anything will turn out, but I sure would have liked to seen him get that chance," Koonce said. "Things just didn't fall into place the way they need to."

Brien Taylor's life didn't improve after baseball.

He moved to Wake Forest, near Raleigh, to be with his four children from a current relationship and a fifth child from a previous one.

He worked as a UPS package handler and later as a beer distributor.

According to The News & Observer of Raleigh, Taylor admitted last month in federal court that he dealt drugs in 2003 and 2004.

In 2005, he was charged with leaving his four daughters unattended. Afterward, he moved back home to live with his parents.

He began laying bricks with his father, earning $909.93 a month, according to court records filed in Carteret County.

His father died of a stroke in 2010. The same year, it was revealed in federal court, Taylor began receiving disability compensation after being diagnosed with congestive heart failure and becoming addicted to painkillers. He told the judge that he began selling cocaine again in 2011, the Raleigh newspaper reported.

It didn't take long for the Carteret County Sheriff's Office and the Morehead City Police Department to catch up with him.

At least three times over several months, undercover officers bought cocaine from Taylor, said Ken Raper, chief deputy for the Sheriff's Office. Each time, Raper said, the amount of drugs sold to the undercover officers increased.

"He was jammed up pretty bad," Raper said.

According to the U.S. Attorney's Office, Taylor distributed more than 200 grams of crack cocaine and about 100 grams of powder cocaine.

He was sentenced Nov. 7 in U.S. District Court in New Bern to 38 months in prison, to be followed by three years of supervised release. His prison term could be reduced by 15 percent if he behaves.

Taylor apologized in court for hurting his children and others close to him. He is now in the Pamlico County Jail, awaiting transfer to the Butner Federal Correctional Complex near Raleigh.

Bettie Taylor is a proud, spiritual woman who had worked hard, picking crab meat and later cleaning rooms at the Sheraton hotel, before she became disabled with diabetes.

Standing one foot out of her front door, she says she doesn't know what happened to the bulk of her son's money, and she doesn't really care.

It was never about the money, she says, it was about principle. She didn't want the Yankees to take advantage of her son.

"Those were good times. It was a good ride, but it's over" she says. "I'm just so glad I didn't get caught up in that moment, all that money. I didn't get caught up in it. I'm still me."

She praises her son's four children, saying they all are honor students. The oldest is 19; the youngest, 10. One daughter attends East Carolina University. The others, she says, live with her.

Bettie Taylor recognizes her son's faults, too, but she says she loves him just the same. She called him a quiet man, "gentle as a lamb."

"We were raised not to mistreat people," Bettie Taylor says through the doorway. "He treated everyone the same."

She says she hopes her son learns from this, that he comes home from prison a changed man, a better person.

"Somewhere in life, you have to take advantage," Bettie Taylor says, "Because if you don't, one day they are gone, never to be returned again."

Staff writer Greg Barnes can be reached at barnesg@fayobserver.com or 486-3525

Source: http://fayobserver.com/articles/2012/11/18/1216937

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Tulane president: Katrina taught New Orleans not just to rebuild, but to reimagine

By Scott Cowen

During the height of Hurricane Sandy, Jim Cantore of the Weather Channel remarked that the storm was "New Jersey?s Katrina," a phrase that has a double resonance for me. As president of Tulane University for the past 15 years, I was in New Orleans during Katrina and its long aftermath. I?m also a Jersey boy, born and bred in Metuchen, and spent my summers as a youth on Long Beach Island. The images of destruction on the nightly news ? drowned neighborhoods, uprooted trees, personal belongings floating down the street ? activated two sets of memory. For me, as for so many others, this storm really hit home.

After Katrina, I remember that we defined success as, first, survival, and then a quick return to normal, but we soon came to realize there was no "normal." As Gov. Chris Christie recently said, you have to come to terms with "a new normal." The familiar fabric is gone: whole neighborhoods reduced to rubble, landmarks swept away, mud and debris everywhere. So what else did we learn?

One urgent truth: Many major American cities are becoming more like New Orleans. NOLA may be a city built largely and famously below sea level, but New York City is now only two to three feet above that mark and the subway system?s tunnels are below that. A few days after Sandy, MSNBC?s Rachel Maddow stood in front of a map of the United States, pointing out that most of the population centers of our country are perched along the coasts. Given climate change ? rising seas and warmer waters ? we can expect more severe weather, more hurricanes and more floods. We?re all vulnerable. Even Wall Street can drown, as can cultural and physical icons such as the Atlantic City boardwalk. The top priority in the aftermath is to secure the physical safety of our communities. If we don?t, nothing else will matter.

Beyond physical protection, the larger question is what to rebuild, what to transform and what to abandon. Take Staten Island, hard hit by Sandy, there were many deaths and it was one of the last places where help arrived. Do you re-create it or change it? Paved with concrete, Staten Island lacks protection ? wetlands and dunes are a thing of the past and there?s no natural barrier to the force of a superstorm. Do you rebuild Staten Island as it was, or reimagine a transformed borough that is stronger and better than before the hurricane hit? And, farther afield, do you simply not rebuild the most fragile beachfront areas along the Jersey Shore? As with Katrina, Sandy will force decisions that are hard and painful.

Leadership is crucial, and it?s the federal government that needs to step up, at least in the immediate aftermath. Cities and states can?t do it alone. No sense revisiting the political infighting in Louisiana and Washington, D.C., after Katrina, when people suffered unnecessarily.

The point is, Sandy showed us something vastly different: the president, governors and mayors working shoulder-to-shoulder to get response and rescue missions going; National Guard trucks rumbling into Hoboken a day after the storm, rescuing 20,000 people from the second floors of flooded homes; and distribution of food and supplies. No relief effort is perfect, and far too many communities have gone without power for far too long, but the recovery is in motion. When there?s political will and alignment of purpose, there?s a way.

Still, you can?t just move on to the "new normal," sweeping aside the grief and suffering of the aftermath. People need to preserve cultural legacies and personal history. They need the restoration of hope and belief. In New Orleans, the touchstone was Mardi Gras and other celebrations that define our city ? and express communal joy and meaning. In Sandy, I think a powerful locus of meaning is the coast itself: the beaches and the boardwalks, the Ferris wheels and cotton candy, and summer days that live forever.

In the end, it?s communal resolve that ultimately will make the difference. In New Orleans, ordinary citizens have been most responsible for revitalizing this iconic city. These residents displayed unbelievable resilience and fortitude, reimagining New Orleans as a stronger and better city than before Katrina. What New Orleanians demonstrated was truly government by the people. I have no doubt my friends in the Northeast will have the courage to do the same ? not only to rebuild, but to reinvent their communities.

Scott Cowen is president of Tulane University. He and his collaborator, Betsy Seifter, are writing a book on post-Katrina New Orleans as a model for urban revitalization.

MORE HURRICANE SANDY COVERAGE



Source: http://blog.nj.com/njv_guest_blog/2012/11/tulane_president_katrina_taugh.html

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